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1881
(
MDCCCLXXXI
) was a
common year starting on Saturday
(see link for calendar).
1881
January - April
May - August
September - December
Unknown date
Births
Unknown
Deaths
top
January - April
January 16
-
January 24
-
Siege of Geok Tepe
- Russian troops under general
Skobeleff
defeat
Turkomans
January 24
-
William Edward Forster
, the chief secretary for
Ireland
, introduces his
Coercion Bill
- it goes through a long debate before it is accepted
February 2
January 25
-
Thomas Edison
and
Alexander Graham Bell
form the
Oriental Telephone Company
February 2
-
Parkfield Earthquake
February 5
-
Phoenix, Arizona
is incorporated.
February 13
- First issue of the feminist newspaper
La Citoyenne
is published by
Hubertine Auclert
.
February 19
-
Kansas
became the first
U.S. state
to prohibit all
alcoholic
beverages.
March 4
-
Rutherford Birchard Hayes
is succeeded as
President of the United States
by
James Abram Garfield
.
March 12
-
Andrew Watson
makes his
Scotland
debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.
March 13
-
Alexander II of Russia
is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. He is succeeded by his son,
Alexander III
.
April 14
-
Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight
erupted in
El Paso, Texas
April 21
- The
University of Connecticut
is founded as the Storrs Agricultural School.
April 25
-
Caulfield Grammar School
is founded in
Melbourne
,
Australia
.
April 28
-
Billy the Kid
escapes from
New Mexico
jail.
top
May - August
May 12
- In
North Africa
,
Tunisia
becomes a
French
protectorate.
May 21
- The
American Red Cross
is established by
Clara Barton
.
May 21
- The
United States Tennis Association
is established by a small group of tennis club members.
June 12
- The
USS ''Jeannette''
is crushed in an
Arctic Ocean
ice pack.
July 1
-
General Order 70
, the culmination of the
Cardwell-Childers reforms
of the
British Army
's organisation, came into effect.
July 2
-
James Abram Garfield
,
President of the United States
is shot by
lawyer
Charles Julius Guiteau
. He survives the assassination attempt but he suffers from
infection
of his wound.
July 4
- In
Alabama
, the
Tuskegee Institute
opens.
July 20
-
Indian Wars
:
Sioux
chief
Sitting Bull
leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to
United States
troops at
Fort Buford
in
Montana
.
3 August
-
Pretoria Convention
peace treaty signed, officially ending the war between the
Boers
and
Britain
August 27
- A
hurricane
hits Florida and Carolinas; about 700 die
top
September - December
September 5
- The
Thumb Fire
in the
U.S. state
of
Michigan
destroys over a million acres (4,000 km²) and kills 282 people.
September 12
-
Francis Howell High School
(Howell Institute) opens making it the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River.
September 19
- US President
James A. Garfield
dies. Vice President
Chester Arthur
becomes the 21st President of the United States.
October 26
-
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
in
Tombstone
,
Cochise County
,
Arizona
,
USA
.
October 29
-
The Judge
(US magazine) first published.
November 11
- The
Clarkson Memorial
in
Wisbech
was completed and unveiled to the public.
November 19
- A
meteorite
struck earth near the village of Großliebenthal, a few kilometers southwest of
Odessa
,
Ukraine
.
December 5
- The 47th
US Congress
(1881-83) convenes
December 8
- At least 620 die in fire at
Ring Theatre
,
Vienna
top
Unknown date
Edward Rudolf founded the '
Church of England
Central Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays' (now
The Children's Society
)
Founding of the
Pali Text Society
University College Dublin
is established in
Ireland
The
United States National Lawn Tennis Association
(USNLTA) is founded, and the first U.S.
Tennis
Championships are played.
Founding of the
League of the Three Emperors
London Evening News
begins publication
Some
Vatican
archives opened to scholars for the first time
Abilene, Texas
is founded.
Leyton Orient F.C.
is Founded.
Minto, North Dakota
is Founded.
Rafaela
,
Argentina
is Formed.
Culford School
a
public school
in
Suffolk
,
United Kingdom
is founded.
top
Births
January 1
-
Vajiravudh
,
King of Thailand
(d.
1925
)
January 9
-
Lascelles Abercrombie
, English poet and critic (d.
1938
)
January 9
-
Giovanni Papini
, Italian essayist, poet, and novelist (d.
1956
)
January 17
-
Antoni Łomnicki
, Polish mathematician (d.
1941
)
January 31
-
Irving Langmuir
, American chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1957
)
February 12
-
Anna Pavlova
, Russian ballerina (d.
1931
)
March 4
-
Richard C. Tolman
, American mathematical physicist (d.
1948
)
March 4
-
Maude Fealy
, American stage and film actor (d.
1971
)
March 17
-
Walter Rudolf Hess
, Swiss physiologist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1973
)
March 23
-
Roger Martin du Gard
, French writer,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1958
)
March 23
-
Hermann Staudinger
, German chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1965
)
March 25
-
Béla Bartók
, Hungarian composer (d.
1945
)
March 25
-
Mary Gladys Webb
, English writer (d.
1927
)
May 19
- Official birthday of
Kemal Atatürk
First Turkish President
(d.
1938
)
June 17
-
Tommy Burns
, Canadian-born boxer (d.
1955
)
July 4
-
Ulysses S. Grant III
, American soldier and planner (d.
1968
)
July 27
-
Hans Fischer
, German chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1945
)
July 30
-
Smedley Butler
, U.S. general (d.
1940
)
August 6
- Sir
Alexander Fleming
, Scottish researcher, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(d.
1955
)
August 19
-
Georges Enescu
, Romanian composer (d.
1955
)
August 20
-
Edgar Guest
, English poet (d.
1959
)
September 8
-
Harry Hillman
, American athlete (d.
1945
)
September 16
-
Clive Bell
, English art critic (d.
1964
)
September 17
-
Alfred Francis Blakeney Carpenter
, English soldier (d.
1955
)
October 1
-
William Boeing
, American engineer and airplane manufacturer (d.
1956
)
October 11
-
Hans Kelsen
, Austrian legal theorist (d.
1973
)
October 15
-
P. G. Wodehouse
, English-born writer (d.
1975
)
October 22
-
Clinton Davisson
, American physicist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1958
)
October 25
-
Pablo Picasso
, Spanish painter (d.
1973
)
November 14
-
Nicholas Schenck
, Russian-born film studio executive (d.
1969
)
November 24
-
Al Christie
, Canadian-born director and producer (d.
1951
)
November 25
-
Pope John XXIII
(d.
1963
)
December 24
-
Juan Ramón Jiménez
, Spanish writer,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1958
)
top
Unknown
Kemal Atatürk
, founder and the first
President of Turkey
(d.
1938
)
Antoni Józef Śmieszek
, Polish Egyptologist and linguist (d.
1943
)
William Temple
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
(d.
1944
)
Hiram Wesley Evans
, American leader of KKK and prohibitionist (d.
1966
)
top
Deaths
January 3
-
Anna McNeill Whistler
, Whistler's mother (b.
1804
)
January 21
-
Wilhelm Matthias Naeff
,
member of the Swiss Federal Council
(b.
1802
)
February 5
-
Thomas Carlyle
, Scottish writer and historian (b.
1795
)
February 9
-
Fyodor Dostoevsky
, Russian novelist (b.
1821
)
March 13
- Czar
Alexander II of Russia
(b.
1818
)
March 28
-
Modest Mussorgsky
, Russian composer (b.
1839
)
April 19
-
Benjamin Disraeli
,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(b.
1804
)
May 24
-
Samuel Palmer
, English artist (b.
1805
)
June 6
-
Henri Vieuxtemps
, Belgian composer (b.
1820
)
July 17
-
Jim Bridger
, American explorer and trapper (b.
1804
)
July 18
-
Billy the Kid
, American gunslinger (b.
1859
)
September 7
-
Sidney Lanier
, American writer (b.
1842
)
September 19
-
James A. Garfield
, 20th
President of the United States
(assassinated) (b.
1831
)
September 22
-
Solomon L. Spink
, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b.
1831
)
October 3
-
Orson Pratt
, American religious leader (b.
1811
)
October 31
-
George DeLong
, American naval officer and explorer (starvation) (b.
1844
)
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Scientus.org
Dictionary
(
Yet Another Wiki
) RC
: 1.41
MIT OpenCourseWare
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License
[copyleft]
. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "1881".
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