Navigation
Home
Recent
Most Active
Popular
Credits
RSS
Help
How to Edit
Help
[Edit]
1860s
Technology
Science
War, peace and politics
Culture and religion
Other
Literature and Arts
World leaders
top
Technology
The
First Transcontinental Railroad
in the
USA
is built in the six year period between
1863
and
1869
.
top
Science
James Clerk Maxwell
publishes his
equations
that quantify the relationship between electricity and magnetism, and shows that
light
is a form of
electromagnetic radiation
Gregor Mendel
formulates
Mendel's laws of inheritance
, the basis for
genetics
Dmitri Mendeleev
develops the
periodic table
top
War, peace and politics
Italian unification
under King
Victor Emmanuel II
. Wars for expansion and national unity continue until the incorporation of the
Papal States
(
March 17
,
1861
-
September 20
,
1870
).
American Civil War
fought between the remaining
United States of America
under
President
Abraham Lincoln
and the self-declared
Confederate States of America
under
President
Jefferson Davis
(
April 12
,
1861
-
April 9
,
1865
). Beginning of the
Reconstruction
era under President
Andrew Johnson
(
1865
-
1869
).
French
occupation of
Mexico
(
1863
-
1867
). Replacement of
President of Mexico
Benito Juárez
(
1861
-
1863
) at first with
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
(
1863
-
1864
) and then by Emperor
Maximilian of Mexico
(
1864
-
1867
).
Benito Juárez
eventually manages to recover his position (
1867
-
1872
).
Meiji Restoration
in
Japan
(
1866
-
1869
).
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
, 15th and last of the
Tokugawa shoguns
loses control to the
Meiji Emperor
. A series of reforms follows. The
samurai
class fails to survive while the
Daimyo
turn to
politics
.
The
Dominion
of
Canada
is created by the
British North America Act
President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln
is
assassinated
by
John Wilkes Booth
,
April 15
,
1865
.
Florence Nightingale
founds school for nurses in 1860.
top
Culture and religion
In
Catholicism
, reaction against
higher criticism
and the liberal movement in
Europe
The Football Association
is formed in the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
, paving the way for
Association football
to become the world's predominant spectator sport
The
Seventh-day Adventist Church
becomes officially established in 1863 in
Battle Creek
,
Michigan
.
Bahá'u'lláh
declares his station as "One who was made Manifest", in the Garden of
Ridván
, as foretold by the
Báb
.
Bahá'ís
see this as the beginning date of the
Bahá'í Faith
.
Salvation Army
top
Other
The
London Fire Department
was established in 1865.
top
Literature and Arts
Leo Tolstoy
publishes
War and Peace
.
Lewis Carroll
publishes
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
.
top
World leaders
Emperor
Franz Josef
(
Austria-Hungary
)
Prime Minister Sir
John A. Macdonald
(
Canada
)
Emperor
Napoleon III
(
Second French Empire
)
King
Victor Emmanuel II
(
Italy
)
Pope Pius IX
Emperor
Alexander II
(
Russia
)
Queen
Isabella II
(
Spain
)
Queen
Victoria
(
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
)
Prime Minister
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
(
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
)
Prime Minister
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
(
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
)
Prime Minister
William Ewart Gladstone
(
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
)
President
James Buchanan
(
United States
)
President
Abraham Lincoln
(
United States
)
President
Andrew Johnson
(
United States
)
Nasser-al-Din Shah
of
Qajar dynasty
(
Persia
)
-->
Search more:
Source
Privacy
License
Download
Contact Us
Atlas
Scientus.org
Dictionary
(
Yet Another Wiki
) RC
: 1.41
MIT OpenCourseWare
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License
[copyleft]
. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "1860s".
link