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1835 (MDCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar).

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January 1 – Ole Pedersen Hoiland breaks into the Bank of Norway and steals 64.000 dollars

January 7 - ''HMS Beagle'' anchors off the Chonos Archipelago.

January 30 - Unsuccessful assassination attempt against President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol - first assassination attempt against a President of the United States.

February 20 - Concepción, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake

March 2 - Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.

April 18 - Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as British Prime Minister.

The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner.

May 5 - In Belgium a railway is opened between Brussels and Mechelen. It is the first railway in continental Europe. (See Rail transport in Belgium)

September 7 – Charles Darwin arrives at Galapagos Islands aboard HMS Beagle

October 2 - Texas Revolution begins: Battle of Gonzales - Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.

November 16 - Comet Halley reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the sun.

November 19 - A force of 500 Māori invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands.

December 1 - Hans Christian Andersen publishes first book of fairy tales.

December 7 - First German Railway between Nürnberg and Fürth named "der Adler" (The Eagle) (See History of rail transport in Germany)

December 9 - The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.

December 28 - USA: Second Seminole War breaks out.

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The British Geological Survey is founded as the world's first national geoloical survey

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, Copernicus' book on the motion of the Earth, is removed from the Index of Prohibited Books.

Samuel Colt patents the first revolver

Civil war erupts in Uruguay between supporters of Blanco and Colorado parties

Cachar Levy, forerunner of Assam Rifles, is founded in India

The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.

The French word for their language changes to français, from françois

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February 13 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Punjabi Muslim reformer (d. 1908)

February 15 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (d. 1908)

February 18 - César Cui, Lithuanian composer (d. 1918)

March 4 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)

March 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)

March 15 - Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)

March 24 - Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d. 1893)

April 9 - King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)

May 3 - Alfred Austin, English poet (d. 1913)

May 21 - František Chvostek, Moravian physician (d. 1884)

June 2 - Pope Pius X (d. 1914)

July 7 - Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (d. 1897)

July 10 - Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)

July 27 - Giosue Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)

August 2 - Elisha Gray, American inventor and businessman (d. 1901)

October 7 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)

October 9 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)

October 23 - Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)

October 31 - Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)

November 17 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (d. 1915)

November 19 - Rani Lakshmi Bai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1858)

November 21 - Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)

November 25 - Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)

November 29 - Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d. 1908)

November 30 - Mark Twain, American author and humorist (d. 1910)

December 4 - Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)

December 18 - Lyman Abbott, American clergyman and author (d. 1922)

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February 15 - Henry Hunt, British politician (b. 1773)

March 2 - Emperor Francis I of Austria (b. 1768)

March 18 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (b. 1769)

April 8 - Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist and philosopher (b. 1767)

April 21 - Samuel Slater, American industrialist (b. 1768)

May 13 - John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)

June 18 - William Cobbett, English journalist and author (b. 1763)

July 6 - John Marshall, influential American chief justice (b. 1755)

July 28 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (b. 1768)

September 23 - Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)