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1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).

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January 4 - King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies and is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies.

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February 3 - Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula that formed westernmost Denmark becomes an island after a flood drowns its 1 km wide isthmus.

February 4 - The Ohio Legislature authorizes the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal.

February 9 - After no presidential candidate received a majority of electoral votes, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States.

February 12 - The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government, and migrate west.

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March 4 - John Quincy Adams succeeds James Monroe as President of the United States.

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July 6 - The Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Beck gains possession of Glücksburg and changes his title to Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. The line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg later became the Royal House of Greece, Denmark and Norway.

July 14 - The Jefferson Literary and Debating Society was founded by 16 disgruntled members of the now-defunct Patrick Henry Society in Room 7, West Lawn.

July 30 - Malden Island (an uninhabited island in the central Pacific Ocean) discovered.

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August 6 - Bolivia gains independence from Peru as a republic with the instigation of Simón Bolívar.

August 25 - Uruguay declares independence from Brazil (See Uruguay's independence).

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September 7 - Brazil Gains independence from Portugal

September 27 - The world's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway opens in England.

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October 26 - The Erie Canal opens - passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie.

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December 1 - Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I.

Decembrist Revolt in Russia.

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The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London.

First roller skates.

Aluminium discovered.

City of Brisbane founded - see History of Brisbane.

Estimation: London becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Beijing.*

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January 25 - George Pickett, American Confederate general (d. 1876)

March 22 - Jane Sym, second wife of Canada's second prime minister (d. 1893)

May 4 - Sir Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist (d. 1895)

May 8 - George Bruce Malleson, English officer and author (d. 1898)

September 11 - Eduard Hanslick, Austrian music critic (d. 1904)

September 25 - Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (d. 1879)

October 10 - Paul Kruger, Boer resistance leader (d. July 14 1904)

October 25 - Johann Strauss, Junior, Austrian composer (d. 1899)

November 9 - A.P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865)

December 2 - Emperor Peter II of Brazil (d. 1891)

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Month/day unknown

Carolyn Merrick, American temperance movement leader (d. 1908)

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Deaths

January 4 - Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1751)
May 7 - Antonio Salieri, Italian composer (b. 1750)
May 19 - Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, French politician (b. 1760)
May 22 - Laskarina Bouboulina, Greek independence fighter (shot)
May 23 - Ras Gugsa of Yejju, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia
August 20 - William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1753)
November 14 - Jean Paul, German writer (b. 1763)
December 1 - Alexander I of Russia (disputed; b. 1777)
December 28 - James Wilkinson, American soldier and statesman
December 29 - Jacques-Louis David, French painter (b. 1748)