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Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during this decade:

Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827).

Several countries declared their independence from Spain and Portugal:

The Republic of Gran Colombia under President Simón Bolívar (1819 - 1828) expands over South America

Mexico (1821)

Brazil (1822)

The United Provinces of Central America were formed in 1823.

United States (1825) The Erie Canal opens - passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie.

Temperance movement emerges in U.S.

Americo-Liberians begin to settle in the Colony of Liberia with the support of the American Colonization Society

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Emperor Francis II (Austria)

Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)

King Louis XVIII (Restoration France)

King Charles X (Restoration France)

Pope Pius VII

Pope Leo XII

Emperor Alexander I (Russia)

Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)

King Ferdinand VII (Spain)

King George IV (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)

President James Monroe (United States)

President John Quincy Adams (United States)

Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)