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January 1 - Constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to summoning of Spanish parliament (March 7) and restoration of 1812 Constitution (March 8) by king Ferdinand VII. (See Mid-nineteenth century Spain.)

January 28 - Russian expedition lead by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev approaches the Antarctic coast. (See History of Antarctica.)

January 29 - George IV of the United Kingdom ascends the Throne, ending the period known as the English Regency.

January 30 - Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland. (See History of Antarctica.)

February 6 - 86 free African American colonists sail from New York City to Freetown, Sierra Leone.

February 23 - The Cato Street conspiracy is exposed. The principals are executed on May 1

March 3 & 6 - Slavery in the United States: The Missouri Compromise becomes law.

March 15 - Maine is admitted as the 23rd U.S. state.

Spring - Joseph Smith, Jr. at the age 14 was visited in a vision by God and Jesus Christ known by Latter-day Saints as the First Vision (Tradition holds that this occurred on April 6)

April - Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

April - Radical War in Scotland

May 1 - Last hanging drawing and quartering in Britain – Cato Street conspirators for treason (only hanged and beheaded) (See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom.)

May 11 - Launch of HMS Beagle the ship that took young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage.

July - Constitutionalist revolution in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

August 24 - Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal; revolution in Lisbon, September 15 (See Portugal's crises of the Nineteenth Century.)

October 9 - Guayaquil declare independence from Spain. (See also History of Ecuador).

October 25-November 20 - Congress of Troppau (Opava) between rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia

December 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1820 - James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed.

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The 6th Edition of Encyclopædia Britannica begins appearing.

The Argentine Confederation (Argentina) establishes a penal colony in Falkland Islands.

Venus de Milo found on the island of Melos.

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January 17 - Anne Brontë, English author (d. 1849)

February 8 - William Tecumseh Sherman, American Civil War general (d. 1891)

February 13 - James Geiss, English businessman (d. 1878)

February 15 - Susan B. Anthony, American suffragist (d. 1906)

February 17 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1881)

February 28 - John Tenniel, English illustrator (d. 1914)

March 3 - Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist and temperance movement pioneer (d. 1900)

March 14 - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)

May 12 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (d. 1910)

May 27 - Mathilde Bonaparte, Italian princess (d. 1904)

July 9 - John Wright Oakes, Landscape painter (d. 1887)

July 23 - Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889)

September 17 - Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)

September 27 - Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (d. 1878)

September 29 - Comte de Chambord, claimant to the French throne (d. 1883)

October 6 - Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)

November 23 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (d. 1884)

November 28 - Friedrich Engels, German social philosopher (d. 1895)

Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist activist (d. 1913)

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January 29 - King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)

February 14 - Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry (stabbed) (b. 1778)

March 22 - Stephen Decatur, American sailor (b. 1779)

May 30 - William Bradley, Britain's tallest ever man (b. 1787)

June 19 - Sir Joseph Banks, British naturalist and botanist (b. 1743)

September 3 - Benjamin Latrobe, English architect (b. 1764)

October 15 - Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1771)

December 25 - Joseph Fouché, French statesman (b. 1763)

William Drennan, Northern Irish poet (b. 1754)