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World population 1 billion.

February - Foundation of the Bank of France

March 14 - Pope Pius VII (Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti) succeeds Pope Pius VI as the 249th pope.

March 21 - Pius VII is ordained.

April 24 - U.S. Library of Congress founded.

May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January 1801. The act is signed by King George III in August.

May 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy.

June 14 - Battle of Marengo, Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.

June 2 - First smallpox vaccination in North America, at Trinity, Newfoundland.

June 27 - Pascha Jussuf Karamanli of Tripoli declares war on Sweden by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down.

September 5 - The island of Malta, that was occupied by the French, is conquered by British troops.

November 1 - U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).

November 17 - The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.

December 3 - Battle of Hohenlinden, the French army defeats the Austrian troops.

December 24 - An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris.

December 24 - Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.

Invention of the voltaic pile by Alessandro Volta: the first chemical battery

The infrared radiation is discovered by Wilhelm Herschel.

The Althing of Iceland, the world's oldest parliament, is abolished.

Convention of 1800

Thomas Jefferson beats John Adams in election

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Ongoing events

French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign

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Births


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January-April

January 1 - Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (died 1857)
January 7 - Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (died 1874)
January 11 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, the inventor of the Dynamo (1895)
January 12 - George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat and statesman (died 1870)
January 14 - Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (died 1877)
January 17 - Caleb Cushing, American statesman and diplomat (died 1879)
January 18 - Freeman Towns, American Entrepreneur (died 1862).
January 24 - Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer (died 1890)
January 26 - Elizabeth Ann Whitney, Mormon leader (died 1882)
February 1 - Brian Houghton Hodgson, English civil servant (died 1894)
February 6 - Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (died 1857)
February 9 - Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (died 1844)
February 9 - Joseph von Führich, Austrian painter (died 1876)
February 11 - William Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)
February 12 - John Edward Gray, British zoologist (died 1875)
February 23 - William Jardine, Scottish naturalist (died 1874)
February 26 - Lucius Lyon, U.S. statesman (died 1851)
March 2 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (died 1844)
March 3 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (died 1862)
March 10 - Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (died 1869)
March 12 - Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (died 1885)
March 16 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (died 1846)
March 17 - Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman and mystic (died 1862)
March 20 - Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist and literary historian (died 1875)
March 25 - Alexis Paulin Paris, French scholar and author (died 1881)
March 25 - Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and mineralogist (died 1889)
March 28 - Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)
April 4 - Tokugawa Nariaki, Japanese daimyo of Mito (died 1860)
April 15 - James Clark Ross, British naval officer and explorer (died 1862)
April 16 - Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (died 1879)
April 16 - George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (died 1888)
April 29 - Hiram Cronk, last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (died 1905)

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May 5 - Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)

May 8 - Armand Carrel, French writer (died 1836)

May 9 - John Brown, American abolitionist (died 1859)

May 9 - Samuel Carter Hall, English journalist (died 1889)

June 1 - Charles Fremantle, Royal Navy officer (died 1869)

June 17 - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (died 1867)

June 23 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (died 1846)

July 14 - Jean-Baptiste Dumas, French chemist (died 1884)

July 19 - Juan José Flores, first president of Ecuador (died 1864)

July 22 - Jakob Lorber, German Christian mystic (died 1864)

July 22 - Robert McCormick, British Royal Navy surgeon (died 1890)

July 31 - Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (died 1882)

August 4 - Hercules L. Dousman, American trader and financier (died 1868)

August 10 - Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer (died 1890)

August 12 - Jean-Jacques Ampère, French philologist (died 1864)

August 19 - Buckner Stith Morris, mayor of Chicago (died 1879)

August 19 - James Lenox, American bibliophile and philanthropist (died 1880)

August 22 - Edward Barron Chandler, American politician (died 1880)

August 22 - William S. Harney, U.S. general (died 1889)

August 22 - Edward Bouverie Pusey, English churchman (died 1882)

August 25 - Karl Hase, German Protestant theologian and Church historian (died 1890)

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September 6 - Catharine Beecher, American educator (died 1878)

September 11 - Daniel S. Dickinson, Confederate admiral (died 1866)

September 13 - Franklin Buchanan, officer in the U.S. Navy who became an admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War (died 1874)

September 13 - David Stewart, American politician (died 1858)

September 15 - Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1842)

September 19 - William McKean, admiral in the United States Navy (died 1865)

September 20 - Benjamin Franklin White, American singing master (died 1879)

September 22 - George Bentham, English botanist (died 1884)

September 22 - Thomas Holloway, English pharmacist and philanthropist (died 1883)

September 23 - William Holmes McGuffey, American professor who created the McGuffey Readers (died 1873)

September 30 - Decimus Burton, prolific English architect and garden designer (died 1881)

October 1 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish Lutheran pastor of Sami ancestry (died 1861)

October 2 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (died 1831)

October 3 - George Bancroft, American historian and statesman (died 1891)

October 8 - Jules Desnoyers, French geologist and archaeologist (died 1887)

October 18 - Henry Taylor, English dramatist (died 1886)

October 22 - Christian Lassen, German orientalist (died 1876)

October 23 - Henri Milne-Edwards, French zoologist (died 1885)

October 25 - Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, British poet (died 1859)

October 25 - Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and publisher (died 1875)

October 26 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal (died 1891)

October 27 - Benjamin Wade, U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1878)

November 4 - Edwin Waller, American entrepreneur (died 1881)

November 4 - George Long, English classical scholar (died 1879)

November 17 - Achille Fould, French financier and politician (died 1867)

November 18 - John Nelson Darby, British evangelist (died 1882)

November 22 - Linn Boyd, U.S. politician (died 1859)

November 27 - Frances Anne Kemble, British actress and author (died 1893)

December 1 - Mihály Vörösmarty, Hungarian poet (died 1855)

December 3 - France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (died 1849)

December 4 - Emil Aarestrup, Danish erotic poet (died 1856)

December 4 - William Fenwick Williams, British military (died 1883)

December 5 - Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (died 1850)

December 7 - Giuseppe Gené, Italian naturalist and author (died 1847)

December 25 - John Phillips, English geologist (died 1874)

December 27 - John Goss, English organist and composer (died 1880)

December 29 - Charles Goodyear, American rubber magnate (died 1860)

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Aga Khan I, Shah of Persia (died 1881)

Jewgenij Abramovich Baratynski, Russian poet (died 1844)

Ugo Bassi, Italian patriot (died 1849)

James Black, creator of the original Bowie knife (died 1870)

Elias Boudinot, Cherokee who started and edited the tribe's first newspaper (died 1839)

John McLeod Campbell, Scottish churchman (died 1872)

Robert L. Caruthers, Confederate governor of Tennessee (died 1882)

Martín Perfecto de Cos, Mexican general (died 1854)

Catherine Crowe, British writer (died 1876)

John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (died 1875)

Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1827)

Charles Auguste Désiré Filon, French historian (died 1875)

James Glynn, United States Navy officer (died 1871)

Edwin Guest, English antiquary (died 1880)

James Henry Hackett, United States actor (died 1871)

Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, English statesman (died 1885)

Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (died 1889)

George Hudson, English railway financier (died 1871)

Frederick Yeates Hurlstone, English painter (died 1869)

Richard Lawrence, attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson (died 1861)

Thomas Henry Lister, English novelist (died 1842)

Ramón María Narváez y Campos, Duke of Valencia, Spanish soldier and statesman (died 1868)

William Nicholson, officer in the United States Navy (died 1872)

Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (died 1884)

Mustafa Resid Pasha, Turkish statesman and diplomat

William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (died 1879)

Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist (died 1860)

William Price, British physician and eccentric (died 1893)

John Baptist Purcell, U.S. (Irish-born) archbishop (died 1883)

Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (died 1843)

Roman Sanguszko, Polish noble (died 1881)

William Simson, Scottish portrait (died 1847)

Henrietta Constance Smithson, Irish actress (died 1854)

Pierre St. Amant, leading French chess master (died 1872)

Nicholas P. Trist, secretary to Andrew Jackson (died 1874)

A.W. Volkmann, German physiologist (died 1877)

Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1873)

Jacob Westervelt, American shipbuilder and mayor of New York (died 1856)

Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (died 1874)

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January 1 - Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French naturalist (born 1716)

January 6 - William Jones, English divine (born 1726)

January 9 - Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (born 1762)

January 13 - Dempsey Burges, Republican U.S. Congressman (born 1751)

January 20 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (born 1744)

January 22 - George Steevens, English Shakespearean commentator (born 1736)

January 23 - Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (born 1749)

February 2 - James C. Jarvis, United States Navy officer (born 1787)

February 23 - Joseph Warton, English academic and literary critic (born 1722)

March 1 - John Hazelwood, officer in the Continental Navy (born 1726)

March 14 - Daines Barrington, English naturalist (born 1727)

March 21 - William Blount, U.S. statesman (born 1749)

March 29 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (born 1714)

April 25 - Ezekiel Cornell, Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (born 1732)

April 25 - William Cowper, English poet (born 1731)

May 4 - Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (born 1750)

May 7 - Niccola Piccinni, Italian composer (born 1728)

May 18 - Alexander Suvorov, Count of Rymnik (born 1729)

June 14 - Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (killed in battle) (born 1768)

June 14 - Jean Baptiste Kléber, French general (assassinated) (born 1753)

June 20 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)

June 30 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (born 1732)

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July 14 - Lorenzo Mascheroni, Italian mathematician (born 1750)

July 18 - John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina (born 1739)

August 31 - John Blair, American politician (born 1732)

September 26 - William Billings, American choral composer (born 1746)

September 27 - William Gibbons, American lawyer and revolutionary (born 1726)

September 29 - Michael Denis, Austrian poet (born 1729)

October 16 - Benjamin Huntington, American lawyer and politician (born 1736)

October 28 - Artemas Ward, American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts (born 1727)

November 5 - Jesse Ramsden, English astronomical instrument maker (born 1735)

December 7 - Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Hessian Lieutenant-General (born 1716)

December 17 - William Peery, American farmer and lawyer (born 1743)

December 27 - Hugh Blair, Scottish Presbyterian preacher and man of letters (born 1718)

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Jean-Baptiste Audebert, French artist and naturalist

Angelo Maria Bandini, Italian author (born 1726)

Samuel Barrington, British admiral (born 1729)

François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, French general (born 1739)

Thomas Conway, Irish soldier (born 1734)

Henry Cort, English ironmaster

George Dixon, English sea captain and explorer (born 1755)

Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (born 1721)

Johann Hermann, German physician and naturalist (born 1738)

Charles Johnstone, Irish writer (born 1719)

Rawlins Lowndes, American lawyer and jurist (born 1721)

Elizabeth Montagu, English literary critic (born 1720)

Kazimierz Poniatowski, Polish nobleman (born 1721)

Gabriel, African American slave and revolutionary (born 1775)

Maciej Radziwill, Polish nobleman (born 1749)

Baron von Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)

Mary Robinson, English poet (born 1756)

Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, English eccentric nobleman (born 1712)

Charles Stewart, American revolutionary (born 1729)

Aleksander August Zamoyski, Polish nobleman

Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne, Grenadier officer in the French army (born 1743)