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The third French and Indian War, known as "King George's War," breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia

The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud

Prague occupied by Prussian armies

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War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)

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January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (died 1800)

February 6 - Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (died 1795)

May 19 - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III of Great Britain (died 1818)

July 17 - Elbridge Gerry, American politician (died 1814)

July 20 - Joshua Clayton, American politician (died 1798)

August 1 - Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French naturalist (died 1829)

August 25 - Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer (died 1803)

September 25 - King Frederick William II of Prussia (died 1797)

November 11 - Abigail Adams, wife of American President John Adams (died 1818)

Unknown - Meriwether Lewis, friend of American President Thomas Jefferson and commander of the Lewis and Clark expedition (died 1809)

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January 23 - Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher and historian (born 1668)

January 26 - Ludwig Andreas Graf Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (born 1683)

March 3 - Jean Barbeyrac, French jurist (born 1674)

April 25 - Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (born 1701)

May 30 - Alexander Pope, English writer (born 1688)

June 29 - André Campra, French composer (born 1660)

July - Mihai Racoviţă, Prince of Moldavia and Prince of Wallachia

August 9 - James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English patron of the arts (born 1673)

August 13 - John Cruger, Dutch-born Mayor of New York (born 1678)

October 18 - Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, English friend of Anne of England (born 1660)

October 31 - Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (born 1694)

December 8 - Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (born 1717)