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January 7 - Pope Pius V succeeds Pope Pius IV as the 223rd pope

Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands.

The first bridge crossing the Neretva river at Mostar (in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) is completed by the Ottoman Empire. The white marble bridge is now known as Stari Most (or "Old Bridge").

Spanish Doubloon first made during the rein of Phillip II of Spain.

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May 26 - Mehmed III, Ottoman Emperor (died 1603)

June 19 - King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (died 1625)

June 20 (O.S.) - King Sigismund III Vasa (d. 1632)

August 12 - Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (d. 1633)

September 1 - Edward Alleyn, English actor (died 1626)

September 18 - King Sigismund III Vasa/Sigismund I of Sweden (died 1632)

October 13 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (died 1643)

November 10 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English politician (died 1601)

December 11 - (baptised) - Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer (died 1650)

December 20 - Edward Wightman, English Baptist martyr (died 1612)

Pietro Cerone, Italian music theorist (died 1625)

Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (died 1643)

Jan Jesenius, Slovak physician (died 1621)

Michal Sedziwój, Polish alchemist (died 1636)

James Sempill, Scottish theologian (died 1626)

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January 7 - Louis de Blois, Flemish mystical writer (born 1506)

February 3 - George Cassander, Flemish theologian (born 1513)

March 9 - David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary I of Scotland (born 1533)

March 26 - Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (born 1510)

March 28 - Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat (born 1486)

April 25

Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henri II of France (born 1499)

Louise Labé, French poet (born 1525)

May 4 - Luca Ghini, Italian physician and botanist (born 1490)

May 10 - Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and a botanist (born 1501)

July 1 - Nostradamus, French astrologer (born 1503)

July 17 - Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish priest (b. 1484)

September 5 - Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan (born 1494)

September 22 - Johannes Agricola, German protestant reformer (born 1494)

Jacob Acontius, Swiss jurist

Charles Dumoulin, French jurist (born 1500)

Richard Edwards, English poet (born 1523)

Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (born 1530)

Kimotsuki Kanetsugu, Japanese samurai (born 1511)

Calvagh O'Donnell, Irish chieftain

Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (born 1507)

Marco Girolamo Vida, Italian poet (born 1490)

Taddeo Zuccaro, Italian painter (born 1529)