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The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish

February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile.

April 7 - Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.

April 24 - The Battle of Sahart was fought between the army of Ethiopian Emperor and forces of Imam Ahmad Gragn.

May 8 - Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River naming it Rio de Espiritu Santo.

May 23 - Jacques Cartier departs Saint-Malo France on his third voyage.

July 9 - Estevão da Gama departs Massawa, leaving behind 400 matchlockmen and 150 slaves under his brother Christovão da Gama, with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi who has invaded his Empire.

August 29 - The Janissaries of Suleiman the Magnificent take Buda by ruse, hiding themselves as tourists.

Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent seals off The Golden Gate in Jerusalem.

The Parliament of Ireland declares Henry VIII of England King of Ireland replacing the Lordship of Ireland with the Kingdom of Ireland.

October - The unsuccessful Algerian campaign of Charles V of Spain Habsburg.

Iceland adopts the Lutheran faith

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January 26 - Florent Chrestien, French writer (d. 1596)

March 25 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1587)

April 8 - Michele Mercati, Italian physician and gardener (died 1593)

Pierre Charron, French philosopher (died 1603)

Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, English nobleman (died 1576)

El Greco, or Domênikos Theotokópoulos (Greek: Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος), Cretian painter, sculptor and architect (died 1614)

Hatano Hideharu, Japanese samurai (died 1579)

Mizuno Tadashige, Japanese nobleman (died 1600)

Guðbrandur Þorláksson, mathematician (died 1627)

Hattori Hanzō, Ninja who served under Tokugawa Ieyasu (died 1596)

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May 27 - Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury (executed) (born 1473)

June 26 - Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistador (born cborn c1475)

July 4 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish conquistador (born 1495)

August 1 - Simon Grynaeus, German scholar and theologian (born 1493)

September 24 - Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist (b. 1493)

November 24 - Margaret Tudor, queen of James IV of Scotland (born 1489)

Francisco Alvarez, Portuguese missionary and explorer (born 1465)

Wolfgang Fabricius Capito, German reformer (born 1478)

Jean Clouet, French miniature painter

Thomas Culpeper, English courtier

Giovanni Guidiccioni, Italian poet (born 1480)

Andreas Karlstadt, Christian theologian and reformer (born 1486)

Gendun Gyatso, 2nd Dalai Lama (born 1474)

Jerzy Radziwill, Polish nobleman (born 1480)

Amago Tsunehisa, Japanese warlord

Juan de Valdés, Spanish religious writer (born 1500)