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March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I.

April 23 - The Reinheitsgebot is instituted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria regulating the purity of beer permissible for sale.

July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria.

August 13 - The Treaty of Noyon is signed. Francis recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.

October 28 - Battle of Yaunis Khan. Turkish forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mameluks near Gaza.

December 4 - Treaty of Brussels - Peace between France and the Empire.

Pedro de Solis discovers the Río de la Plata.

King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X sign the Concordat of Bologna.

Desiderius Erasmus publishes a new Latin translation of the New Testament.

Thomas More publishes Utopia.

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January 1 - Margareta Leijonhufvud, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (died 1551)

February 18 - Queen Mary I of England (died 1558)

March 26 - Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (died 1565)

Georg Fabricius, Protestant German poet (died 1571)

John Foxe, biographer (died 1587)

James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran (died 1572)

Martin Heilwig, Silesian cartography (died 1574)

Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (died 1571)

Manco Inca Yupanqui, ruler of the Inca (died 1544)

Cangali khan, khan of Qasim and Kazan

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March 13 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (born 1456)

March 17 - Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (born 1478)

April 25 - John Yonge, English diplomat (born 1467)

June 23 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (born 1452)

December 13 - Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer (born 1462)

Giovanni Bellini, Italian painter (born 1430)

Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (born 1450)

Juan Díaz de Solís, Spanish navigator and explorer (born 1470)

King John III of Navarre (born 1469)

Giuliano da Sangallo, Italian sculptor and architect (born 1443)