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January 23 - Henry VIII of England, then 18 years-old, appears incognito in the lists at Richmond, and is applauded for his jousting before he reveals himself.

Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy.

Formation of the Holy League to defend the Italian States.

Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch.

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March 30 - Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (died 1566)

April 2 - Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shogun (died 1550)

July 22 - Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (died 1537)

October 6 - Rowland Taylor, English protestant martyr (died 1555)

November 6 - John Caius, English physician (died 1573)

Francis Borgia, General of the Jesuits (died 1572)

Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (died 1547)

Francis David, Hungarian founder of the Unitarian Church (died 1579)

Andrea Gabrieli, Italian composer and organist (died 1586)

Claude Goudimel, French composer and music theorist (died 1572)

Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese warlord (died 1577)

Aloysius Lilius, Italian inventor of the Gregorian calendar (died 1576)

Solomon Luria, Polish-born Kabbalist (died 1574)

Luis de Morales, Spanish religious painter (died 1586)

Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (died 1551)

Bernard de Palissy, French potter and writer

Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (died 1590)

Guillaume Postel, linguist (died 1581)

Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author (died 1565)

Lawrence Sheriff, Elizabethan gentleman and grocer (died 1567)

Claudio Veggio, Italian composer

Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (died 1571)

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February 28 - Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer (born c1460)

March 1 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (born c1450)

March 10 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, German preacher (born 1445)

May 17 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (born 1445)

August 17 - Edmund Dudley, English statesman (born c1462)

December 14 - Friedrich of Saxony (b. 1473)

December 31 - Bianca Maria Sforza, wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1472)

Agueybana, Taino chief

Ambrogio Calepino, Italian lexicographer (born 1450)

Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (born 1454)

Richard Empson, English statesman

Giorgione, Italian painter (born c1477)

Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian writer (born 1461)

Florian Zamoyski, Polish nobleman