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Europe's population was ~60 million. (Spielvogel)

January 5 - Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan, but is soon driven out again by the French.

January 26 - Vicente Yáñez Pinzón becomes the first European to discover Brazil.

February 17 - Battle of Hemmingstedt: The Danish army fails to conquer the peasants' republic of Dithmarschen.

April 22 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil and claims the land for Portugal.

November 11 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.

Emperor Go-Kashiwabara ascends to the throne of Japan.

Second Battle of Lepanto - The Turkish fleet of Kemal Re'is defeats the Venetians. The Turks proceed to capture Modon, Lepanto, and Koron.

The Luo, a Nilotic people from modern Sudan, settle the Cwezi states, establishing the state of Buganda. (approximate date)

Diogo Dias is the first European to see Madagascar.

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February 22 - Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist (d. 1564)

February 24 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1558)

April 12 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (died 1574)

April 23 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (died 1565)

November 1 - Benvenuto Cellini, Italian goldsmith and sculptor (died 1571)

Johannes Aal, Swiss theologian and composer (died 1553)

John of Avila, Spanish mystic and saint (died 1569)

George Cavendish, English writer (died 1562)

Wu Cheng'en, Chinese novelist (died 1582)

Charles Dumoulin, French jurist (died 1566)

Heinrich Faber, German music theorist (died 1552)

Federico II of Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua (died 1540)

Francisco de Moraes, Portuguese writer (died 1572)

Reginald Cardinal Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1558)

Mem de Sá, Governor-General of Brazil (died 1572)

Johann Stumpf, Swiss writer (died 1576)

Pietro Martire Vermigli, Italian theologian (died 1562)

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May 29 - Bartolomeu Dias, Portuguese explorer (born c1450)

June 19 - Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset (born 1499)

September 12 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (born 1443)

September 15 - John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c1420)

October 1 - John Alcock, English churchman (born c1430)

October 21 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (born 1442)

Juan Pérez de Gijón, Spanish composer (born 1460)

Feodor Kuritsyn, Russian statesman

Thomas Rotherham, English cleric and minister (born 1423)