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January 8 - Pope Nicholas V publishes Romanus Pontifex, an encyclical addressed to King Afonso V of Portugal, which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery'.

February 23 - The Gutenberg Bible is first printed.

April 8 - Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V as the 207th pope.

The Wars of the Roses begin.

May 22 - First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.

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1455 in art

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February 2 - King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (died 1513)

March 3 - King John II of Portugal (died 1495)

March 15 - Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1532)

Johann Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1499)

Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (died 1529)

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March 24 - Pope Nicholas V (born 1397)

May 22 - Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (killed in battle)

May 22 - Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, English commander (killed in battle) (born 1406)

September 3 - Alonso Tostado, Spanish Catholic bishop

October 22 - Johannes Brassart, Flemish composer

December 1 - Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian sculptor and metal smith (born 1378)

Fra Angelico, Italian painter (born 1395)

Zbigniew Cardinal Oleśnicki, Polish bishop and statesman (born 1389)

Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford